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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of manganese(Mn) and high fat diet(HFD) co-exposure on the neurological behavior and gut microbiota in mice, and to observe the correlation between them. METHODS: Specific pathogen free adult male C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. Mice in control group and Mn exposure group were fed with normal diet, while the HFD group and co-exposure group were fed with HFD. Both the Mn exposure group and the co-exposure group were exposed to 10 mg/(kg·d) manganese chloride by intraperitoneal injection, while the control group and HFD group were treated with 0.9% sodium chloride solution of the same volume, once per day for 60 consecutive days. At the end of exposure, the mice were subjected to experiments of neurological behaviors. Then, the mice were sacrificed and intestinal feces were collected. The relative abundance of gut microbiota(relative abundance>1.000%) was detected by high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS: After exposure, the body weight of the HFD group and the co-exposure group increased significantly(P<0.05), while that of the Mn exposure group decreased(P<0.05), compared with the control group. The latency, time in central, crossing, total distance and open arm time(OT%) of mice in the Mn exposure group were lower than that of the control group(P<0.05), and close arm time(CT%) prolonged(P<0.05). Compared with the control group and the HFD group, the latency, rearing, time in central, crossing, total distance, OT% and open arm entry(OE%) of mice in the co-exposure group decreased(P<0.05), and CT% increased(P<0.05). The total distance of mice in the co-exposure group was lower than that of the Mn exposure group(P<0.05). The relative abundance of Firmicutes increased(P<0.05), those of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria decreased in mice in the HFD group at the phylum level(P<0.05) compared with mice in the control group. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria increased(P<0.05), and Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria decreased(P<0.05) in mice in the Mn exposure group. The relative abundance of Oscillospira, Bacteroides and Prevotella of mice in the HFD group reduced at the genus level(P<0.05) compared with the control group. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased in Mn exposure group(P<0.05), and Oscillospira, Bacteroides and Prevotella decreased(P<0.05). The relative abundance of Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria and Lactobacillus of mice in the co-exposure group increased(P<0.05), and those of the remaining 6 bacteria were lower(P<0.05) compared with mice in the other 3 groups. Among the mice of co-exposure group, the latency was positively correlated with Bacteroidetes(P<0.05). The rearing was positively correlated with Firmicutes(P<0.05) and negatively correlated with Actinobacteria(P<0.01). The OE% was negatively correlated with Firmicutes(P<0.05) and positively correlated with Actinobacteria(P<0.05). The crossing was positively correlated with Prevotella(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Manganese combined with HFD had a synergistic effect on the abnormality of neurological behavior of mice. There are some correlation between the abnormality of neurological behavior and the homeostatic imbalance of intestinal flora in mice.
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Crude glycerol is the main by-product of biodiesel production. A few microorganisms can transfer crude glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) that is an important chemical material. There exist many limitations such as substrate inhibition, product inhibition when wild strains are used in 1,3-PD biosynthesis. In this review, based on the microbial transformation of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol and its limitations, some strategies using genetic engineering such as knockout or gene overexpression were summarized. The latest research progresses in biosynthesis of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol by genetically engineered strains are discussed.
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Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages of internal jugular vein and subclavian vein puncture approach by clinical and anatomical ways so as to explore the best way of establishing a central venous access to guide clinical work .Methods The 120 patients who were admitted into our hospital from January 2014 to January 2016 were randomly divided into the internal jugular vein group and the subclavian vein group with 60 cases in each group according to puncture approach , and the puncture were operated by the same group of physicians .The learning curve ,puncture success rate ,completion time ,complication rates and other indicators of the two groups were evalua-ted.Results The operating completion time of internal jugular vein puncture group was (22.00 ±5.58)minutes,the success rate was 52%, the learning curve was 12 cases;while the subclavian vein puncture group was (11.60 ±2.67)minutes,93% and 3 cases respectively,and the differences were statistically significant between the two groups (P<0.05).The total complication rate of the internal jugular vein punc-ture group was 58%while the subclavian vein group was 12%, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Dif-ficulty,safety and complication rates of subclavian vein puncture approach were better than those of the internal jugular vein puncture ap -proach.Therefore, subclavian vein puncture approach should be the first choice when there’s a need to establish central venous access for rescuing severe patients such as shock .
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Objective To observe the clinical characteristics of non-viral liver diseases which were examined by ultrasound guided liver biopsy in order to explore the significance of liver biopsy.Methods From January 2006 to December 2015,patients with non-viral liver diseases who received liver biopsy were retrospectively enrolled.Etiology,pathological diagnosis and clinical diagnosis of the patients were analyzed;the differences in disease types between male and female,among different age (less than 60 years and over 60 years)were compared;and the consistency of two pathologists in the pathological diagnosis was analyzed.Chi-square test was performed for statistical analysis.Results Among 182 patients,there were 73 (40.1％) males and 109 (59.9％) females.The most common etiology were autoimmune liver disease (68 cases,37.4％),non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (40 cases,22.0％) and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) (29 cases,15.9％).The differences in etiology between male and female,between age less than 60 years and over 60 years were statistically significant (X2 =7.31 and 5.87,both P ＜ 0.05).The consistency of two pathologists in the diagnosis of NAFLD,alcoholic liver disease,hereditary metabolic disease and neoplastic disease was good (Kappa=0.85,0.88,0.75 and 1.00).The consistency rates of two pathologists in the diagnosis of autoimmune disease,NAFLD and DILI were 52.9％ (36/68),75.0％ (30/40) and 48.3％ (14/29),respectively.The consistency rate was highest in NAFLD,and the difference was statistically significant (X2 =7.68,P=0.023).However,there was no significant difference in consistency rates of two pathologists in the diagnosis of autoimmune liver disease and DILI (X2 =0.12,P=0.859).The consistency rates between pathological diagnosis and clinical diagnosis in autoimmune liver disease,NAFLD and DILI were 60.3％ (41/68),85.0％ (34/40) and 55.2％ (16/29),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (X2 =8.98,P=0.011).The consistency rate in NAFLD was highest.However,there was no significant difference in consistency rates between pathological diagnosis and clinical diagnosis in autoimmune liver disease and DILI (X2 =0.22,P=0.639).Conclusions The liver biopsy may guide the clinical diagnosis of NAFLD.However,to improve the diagnostic rates of autoimmune liver disease and DILI,biopsy results,history and laboratory results should be combined.
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Objective To study the changes of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and ? hydroxybutyric acid (HBD) in atrophic gastritis type A(AAG) patients. Methods Auto biochemistry instrument was used to detect serum LDH and HBD. Hemoglobin, vitamin B 12 and gastrin were also examined routinely. Results All AAG patients had elevated levels of LDH and HBD in serum and 60 percent of patients had a rise of indirect bilirubin. In the first day after supplement with folic acid and vitamin B 12 , LDH and HBD decreased simultaneously by 30% along with a decrease of indirect bilirubin. The changes of LDH and HBD were earlier than changes of reticulocytes. Conclusions Serum LDH and HBD rise significantly in AAG patients. This might be associated with in situ hemolysis of bone marrow. And it may be a good index for differential diagnosis between AAG and atrophic gastritis type B.
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Objective To investigate the sensitivity of different methods in the diagnosis of portal hypertension associated with liver cirrhosis. Methods 99 patients with portal hypertension associated liver cirrhosis, and 49 healthy subjects as control were enrolled in this study. Their portal and splenic vein widths, and the conditions of varicose vein in esophagus and gastric fundus were determined, and portal pressures were measured by radionuclide method. The positive percentage of different methods for the diagnosis of portal hypertension were analysed. Results Most of the patients with portal hypertension had the extension of portal and splenic vein in the fifferent areas and in various degrees. There were no significant differences in the degrees of portal and splenic vein extension among the patients with mild, moderate or severe esophageal varicose vein. The width of portal and splenic vein was not related with portal pressure. Radionuclide method was the most sensitive in diagnosing portal hypertension. Conclusion Portal hypertension can be diagnosed according to the conditions of vessels and spleen. The sensitivity of different methods in diagnosing portal hypertension were different, and that of radionuclide method was the highest. The width of portal and splenic vein had no close relation with portal pressure and the degree of esophageal varicose vein.
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Effect of-berberine on reperfusion arrhythmias was studied using a 10 rain left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion in the isolated rat heart. Berberine, when given 10min before coronary ligation, reduced the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias in a dose-riependent manner. With 10-5, 3. 16?10-5 and 10-4 mol/L of berberine, ventricular fibrillation was reduced from its control incidence of 100% to 90%, 70% and 40% (P